This article studies the violence in the spreading of Islam by conquest and the factors that influenced the development of Islam in Central, East, West and Southeastern Africa.Although the spreading of Islam in these territories had not been Shoes done by Islamic conquests, as perpetrated in North Africa and other regions of the Islamic world, the

Ethanolic extracts of Thyme (Thymbra spicata) were tested for their inhibitory action on Paenibacillus larvae the causative agent of American foul Wipes brood with different concentration by using disc assay and mixed with culture media.Results showd that 3000mg / disc and 3000 mg / ml was the effective concentroation for the both methods.Thymol wa

Humanity faces increasingly intractable environmental problems characterized by high uncertainty, complexity, and swift change.Natural resource governance must therefore involve continuous production and use of new knowledge to adapt to highly complex, rapidly changing social-ecological systems to ensure long-term sustainable development.Bridging a